A Conversation with Marine Leys

Vignereuse - Marine Leys
France, Gaillac, Andillac

Each year, ever-hotter summers in Gaillac require Marine Leys to begin her harvest earlier and earlier. Despite rising temperatures, Marine continues to maintain a real freshness in her wines, which she credits to her soils, heavier with limestone than others in the area.

She doesn’t over extract, winemaking is gentle and considered, and whilst the limestone soils certainly give the wines their mineral backbone, there’s much to be credited to Marine’s hard work & care in the cave.

Marine farms her 5 hectares organically. Planted mostly with local varieties: Mauzac, Loin de l’Oeil, Braucol, Duras, along with a little Syrah and Gamay, situated on the south east facing slopes of the Cordais plateau in Andillac.

Having made the transition from marine photography to wine whilst living in Turkey, she then studied formally in Beaune, before working with the Plageoles family in Gaillac (luminaries of the region) for three years, which she likes to joke was her ‘finishing school’.

We’ve just received a top-up of Marine’s 2019 pet-nats, a little more of her blend, CroiZade 2018, along with new vintages of A la Santé des Mécréants and her 2020 Primeur.

The wines have had no sulphur added since 2018.

We caught up with Marine as she was out pruning her vines in the Gaillac sunshine last week, cautiously optimistic at the thought of getting to see some friends at wine fairs in May, the steady snip of her secateurs a calming soundtrack to our conversation.

Afternoon Marine! How are you?

I’m good thank you! Just in the vineyard, it’s a lovely day. Good to be outside!

We’ve got a few bits landing in the shop from 3 different vintages, 18, 19, and 20- how were they for you?

2018 was a good year for us here, we had water at the right time, it was that perfect balance of water & sun, we picked early as the phenolic maturity was looking good. 2019 was hot, but not as hot as last year!

In 2019 we had water at the right time as well, so it didn't block maturity, nothing burned- so it was good timing. Still we harvested earlier again- every year we keep harvesting a tiny bit earlier. This year was really early, we picked in August!

We used to pick at the end of September... it's changing so much. Hopefully this year it won't be that early but they keep announcing really hot summers. It's quite shocking.

Your wines still have real freshness, how are you retaining that?

I'm up on a hill, 250m above sea level, which is not that high, but it's pretty high for around here. I actually have more sun than if I was lower, and it does get a lot hotter, it's harder. However, my soils are calcaire- limestone, whereas down the slopes they're heavier in argilo- clay, their wines are rounder. Limestone brings a lot of salinity, and keeps things very fresh and mineral.

Even in the really hot summers, when the alcohol gets high, they still have the freshness. I don't like to do a lot of extraction, I like the wines to be able to live in the fridge without destroying the tannin and being unpleasant to drink. 

2020 was so hot. I had to add a little white to my rosé this year, even though it was pressed directly, it was still red! But I don't want to have to do that with my reds, I like them as single varieties- with the exception of CroiZADe. I use the two varieties, and the ratio of the blend can change so if I have more Syrah or more Duras, I can make a big batch of it.

Can you tell us a little about the new vintages we’re receiving?

A la Santé des Mécréants 2018

For the '18, we picked pretty early, so it's quite fresh compared to the '17. Mécréants is from a 60 year old parcel of Duras, I've been saying it's 55 years old for 5 years so... it must be 60 years old now!
We picked by hand, as always. It was destemmed and had an 8 day maceration. I don’t want too much extraction, but I had to bring a bit more oxygen as the fermentation was a bit slower at the start. I did a little remontage at the beginning, and we didn't run into any trouble.

Le Primeur Mais Ne Se Rend Pas 2020
This year it was really easy! Last year it was so stressful doing the Primeur- it didn't ferment as quickly, I didn't even think it was going to be ready on time (for release on the third Thursday in November, 2020). This year I picked early and it finished early, so I had 3 weeks to keep it cool, at 5 degrees, which allowed it to clear and rest properly.

We harvested on the 20th August. It was really hot already.  It's a carbonic maceration, but I wanted to have a dry carbo so I drained off the free run juice everyday. With the weight of the grapes, the ones at the bottom are getting mashed a bit, and I didn't want the yeasts to start working yet, so we drain off their juice.

To start the gas we need for carbo, once the tank is full of grapes I pour in a few buckets of my pied du cuve*, for 2-3 hours with the tank closed. Because it's already fermenting, it creates enough CO2 to push out the oxygen, then I can drain off the pied du cuve and let the carbonic maceration begin, just as total solids, no liquid.

That way the process is a purely enzymatic reaction at the beginning, the enzymes within the grape are breaking down into alcohol, which brings that specific taste of carbonic maceration, rather than the yeasts converting sugars to alcohol. So it's a true carbo.

*Two weeks before harvest I make a pied de cuve. I don't want to add sulphites, and I don't do a cold maceration any more- with the heat up here the bacteria are very strong. I don't want them to start, so I now get the fermentation started naturally straight away, with the pied du cuve. We pick a little, crush by foot and let it begin fermentation, then we can add this to the new wines, like a sourdough starter.

Have you got any new projects on the go this year?

I'm doing two new bubbles from the 2020 vintage, we’ll have a white and a new red, from my Duras. I started a Vin de Voile in 2019 and it’s going well. It’s made from Mauzac, using the same principles as a vin voile from the Jura, but totally different because this variety of ours has such low acidity compared to Jura varieties, so it's much rounder, it's really interesting. So hopefully in 2026/27 that will be ready to go!